Introduction: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of lamellar bone within connective and other tissue where bone should not form and is a rare complication after burn injury.

However, it leads to severe pain and distress, marked reduction in joint range of motion (ROM), impaired function and increased hospital length of stay.

The pathophysiology, incidence and risk factors of HO remain poorly understood in burns and other traumas and the management, controversial.

The aim of this comprehensive review, therefore, was to synthesise the available evidence on the development and treatment of HO after acute burn injury.

The review was based on a systematic search of five electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and Scopus.