Study design: Systematic review of hyaluronic acid (HA)-related complications.

Objective:

To systematically review all available literature including case reports and case series to identify a pattern for the management of vascular compromise resulting in facial skin ischemia and ocular manifestations following HA injection.

Methods:

This review was based on a systematic search of 3 electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for all available literature including case series and case reports from database inception to July 2019. Only a total of 52 case reports/series were eligible for review and included 107 patients.