Breast ptosis is a common occurrence following weight loss, pregnancy, and breastfeeding, or as a consequence of normal aging.

This results in loss of a youthful shape and contour of the breast, with a change in the position of the nipple–areolar complex.

Mastopexy can restore this youthful appearance and transpose the nipple–areolar complex to a more aesthetic position on the breast.

Various techniques exist that address the skin and parenchyma of the breast and are chosen based on the degree of ptosis and skin laxity, as well as the patient’s goals.

These techniques all differ in scar burden and risk profile. Additionally, this can be done simultaneously or in a staged manner.

In this literature review, we aim to provide an overview of mastopexy procedures, with and without augmentation.

Further, we aim to detail recent advancements in technical approaches, and delineate common complications in certain patient demographics.

To this end, we performed a literature search with a medical librarian, using PubMed/Medline to identify pertinent literature.

In the context of the review, we discuss important considerations in patient selection and counseling to set expectations and ultimately, optimize surgical outcome and patient satisfaction.